1995年兵庫県南部地震における鉄骨造建物の地震時挙動と構造被害
1995年の兵庫県南部地震は、神戸市を中心とする広い範囲で多数の建物に甚大な被害をもたらした。本報では、この地震により生じた鉄骨造建物の柱梁接合部近傍での脆性破壊に着目し、この地震でこのような破壊を生じた建物および被害を生じなかった建物計4棟を選び、これらの建物の被災状況を述べるとともに、実地震動記録を用いた応答解析を行い、これらの建物の地震時の挙動を推定し実際の被害との対応を検証している。その結果、今回の地震でのエネルギー入力は、従来の設計用地震動のレベル2入力に比べ等価速度で約2倍に達すること、被災建物では中間層の強度が最適分布に比べ相対的に低いためエネルギーが中間層に集中し、その結果中間層の梁端に損傷が生じたこと、解析により被災建物の梁端の被害状況をおおむね説明できることなどが明らかにされている。さらに、これらのことを踏まえ、今後の地震被害を軽減するための留意点などが示されている。
The Behavior and Damage of Steel Structure Buildings during 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake
Many buildings were damaged in a vast areas surrounding Kobe-city by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake. After the earthquake many types of fractures were observed in steel structure buildings. We concentrate on the brittle fractures near the steel beam-to-column connections of these buildings. In this report, four steel structure buildings in which the brittle fractures near the connections were found and not found after the earthquake are selected. We investigate these building's response during the earthquake using the real ground motion records of the earthquake and correlate the actual damage with estimated behavior. As the results, the following facts are obtained. The input energy to these buildings during the earthquake is approximately four times that by a current design wave of level-2. In damaged buildings, the strength of the middle stories is relatively lower than other stories, so the energy is concentrated on the middle stories and the brittle fractures occurred at the ends of beams in these stories. We can explain the damage of these buildings through analysis, as well as how to reduce damage.